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Trademark Disclaimer:

The attention of the abstract authors is directed to their obligation to acknowledge the existence of a registered trademark in referring to products enjoying the trademark protection under the law. By submitting an abstract for review, the author can acknowledge that the existence of a trademark has been appropriately noted when required. The ASA does not assume responsibility for assuring compliance by authors with the requirement.

Human and Animal Studies Policy:

The investigator of each abstract has assured the American Society of Anesthesiologists that approval from the Human Studies Committee or Animal Care Committee for his/her institution has been obtained for the studies involved when such approval is appropriate. For instance, studies that involve only chart review may not need approval in some institutions.

ASA Copyright Disclaimer:

ASA has transferred the electronic abstracts into the Website as submitted; ASA has not proof read them.

The electronic abstracts may not be reproduced or reprinted, in whole or in part, until they have been presented at the ASA Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL. ASA retains copyright to the electronic versions of these abstracts.